In chapter 4 it explains how many business organizations, marketing, risk sharing, and political influence had led west Texas farmers to get together as a united front against the markets. When the farmer's bills had expired, the political spectrum them ceased. This led to farmer subsides. The cotton growers began seeing the government as a problem rather than the government being a solution.
The Chines government controls workers in ways that are bad for china's human rights record but very good for the product of T-shirts. while forcing the masses to remain idle in the countryside, china devoted its resources to the urban population, developing in the cities housing, education, healthcare, and infrastructure while leaving to the rural population to fend for itself. The hukou system was devised in the 1950's to support the economic development plans of the communist china. the rural hukou defines and limits the workers life in shanghai floaters work 25 percent more hours per week but earn 40 percent less than those with urban hukous
In chapter 4 explains how many business organization, marketing, risk sharing, and political influence that had led to west Texas farmers to get together as a united front against the markets. When the farmers bills expired the political spectrum ceased, which led to farmers subsides. Cotton growers began seeing the government as a problem than a solution. Competition was great with all improvements made to the cotton production. However, cotton farmers all over Texas banded together to strengthen their political influence.
Chp.6 Pomeranz finds that china was the most favorable positioned for industrial development in Europe. Most of the textile would take place in china. Most of the textiles were respect all over the global industry. China is the most productive country that make t-shirts, and most of the textiles would take in china as well. Most of all the productions would be china and then they would be sent to the U.S. Traditional methods the spinning of cotton was far more labor intensive than weaving. Generally it required between four to eight spinners to keep one weaver. British mills had drawn upon pauper children and landless laborers. Japanese leadership in the industry was based on law labor costs and poor working conditions.
Chapter 4 basically explained how advances in the cotton production led the way to many influential opportunities for cotton farmers in Texas, USA. With all the improvements to the cotton labor, competition increased immensely. Cotton farmers banded together to strengthen their political influence. However, when the farmers bills expired, their political spectrum ceased which caused subsidies. Cotton growers then began to see the government as more of a problem than a solution.
Chapter 6: Theres a gaping divide between the poor sweatshop workers of the East and the rich consumers of the West. China and Europe have so much to do with industrial development than most advanced regions of Europe until the middle of the 18th century. Writers were included in "The Long Race To The Bottom". Some of the writers were agreeing and disagreeing. Many of them are worried about what happened in the year 1770's choking bottle neck in the production of cotton cloth launched the modern world.
Chp.7 The Chinese government has bad human rights but they are good in the production of the T-shirt. In the U.S. trade is very difficult in the textile market. This chapter explains the superiority of the politics in the textile trade in the U.S. In the U.S. the power of the politics in the textile trade can be shown through the size of the manufacturing base. The textile lobbies are successful in the creation of a protection system who would be against what is a free-trade and in what makes the U.S. look bad. The policymakers and leaders of the U.S. have been all for free-trade, but in the most competitive industry it has been closed to free trade. This sums it up to the textile industry damaging the international relationship if it was closed.
Chapter 6 The race to the bottom is a socio economic phenomenon in which governments deregulate the business environment or taxes in order to attract or retain economic activity in their region. For example if the United States wanted its citizens to buy more products made from within it's borders, all that they would have to do is raise taxes on imported goods making them more expensive. People would clearly prefer to purchase what is cheaper so they will buy the products made with in the United States
Within chapter 6 The Race To The Bottom it explains how the government has the ability to raise or lower prices on incoming good so that we can influence buyers to buy items from within the states. The government uses this process to keep the money in our country if needed as well as they can also lower the prices to retain economic activity in their region.
Chapter 4 In this chapter explains that the remarkable improvements in cotton production, the machines, the chemicals, and the GM technology. Little by little, as the farmers became more alone on the farm, they banded together in town. Throughout American history, U.S. cotton farmers have solidified their political influence to manage virtually every business risk to shape the world in from of them. Also explains that the primary effect of U.S. government subsides is to increase the supply of cotton grown in the united states and therefore to decrease the world market price of cotton. I learned that china was the worlds largest cotton producer as well as consumer, but since the dismantling of the communes, virtually all of this production is at the level of the family.
In chapter 7 it talks about how the chinese government controls workers in ways that are bad for the chinese human rights. Workers in China are not treated as deserved and they have a very low wage. A system called the hukou system was devised in the 1950s because of Communist China. through the huko system, china ensured a stable food supply for its cities while at the same time limiting urban areas`s popultaion. The rural hukou limits workers lifes in Shangai
Chapter 6 In traditional methods , the spinning of cotton was far more labor intensive than weaving , as it generally required between four and eight spinners to keep one weaver supplied with yard. The bottleneck was made still worse by the technological progress that had occurred in weaving the flying shuttle widely adopted by the 1760 multiplied further the number of spinners required to supply a weaver with yarn.
So, while the British mills had drawn upon pauper children and landless laborers the new England spindles were power by rural mills girls also often children and later immigrants. As the more experienced new England and mid Atlantic mills increasingly specialized in fancier good, the southern mills seized the advantage in providing heavy and coarse cotton cloth to u .s market.
In chapter 7 it talks about how the chinese government controls workers in ways that are bad for the chinese human rights. while forcing the masses to remain ideal in the county side china devoted it resources to the urban population, developing the cities housing education health care, and infrastructure while leaving the rural population to depend for itself. the hukou system was devised in the 1950's to support the economic development plans of the new communist country.
Chapter7 This Chapter is pretty much about how countries are having a race to the bottom. What do I mean by this? Well they give an example of China's hukou system which limits the workers rights. The Chinese government controls the workers life so, Chinese manufacturers are paying the workers less. They also have horrible working conditions and have terrible living conditions. All of this in an effort to make the most profit. Whichever country spends less on the workers is able to make more.
In chapter 6 it explains that how it took from four to eight spinners to keep one weaver going with yarn. It also talks about how most of the textile production takes place in China. Early travelers to China agreed that finding the country superior to Europe in prosperity, politics, and art. Alhough, Europe took a great leap forward in the late 1700s.
Chapter 4 This chapter explains how the cotton industry, mainly in the United States, has incredibly improved since the advancement of the cotton gin. The United States had and still has the highest rate of cotton production in the world and there is not much competition; others are afraid of subsidies. A major factor why the United States is able to produce so much cotton is because of its inexpensive price. The United States has a fairly large industry in cotton production and is expected to remain at its state.
In Chapter 11 the author wants to teach us how important textile and manufacturing is not only for us in the United States but all over the world. Statistics show that approximately 20 percent of manufacturing employment but the manufacturing output increased by by more than 60 percent. China factories have been loosing jobs just like South and North Carolina have so the textile industry is going down hill right now.
In chapter 11 the author wants to tech us that textiles jobs are moving to the western where there cheap labor. American textiles jobs are going to china also most square with a remarkable and inconvenient fact. China export to the United States surged by more than 100 percent, with commensurate declines in the exports.
Chapter 11 As Americans further advance in technology the amount of jobs decrease because the production of each worker increases from better advanced in technology. In response to the advances many jobs are being lost, but not only lost they are being eliminated due to one worker being able to fulfill the jobs of many. In which case we need to find more jobs. With the help of the Textile Trade Rules (Government being able to raise or drop tax prices on imported goods)helps to keep production in the U.S.
Chapter 6 discusses the ability to regulate sales price and explains how the cotton weaving textiles change over time. It also explained how Europe has a lot of people working but it is all cheap labor. China wages are 90% less than the rest of the world. Which makes it harder for us to compete. They also depend on women workers because they do their job without complaining.
In chapter 9 it talks about how the t-shirts go from the united states to china then back to the united states. When the united states does that it hurts the united states economy i think the united states should slow the trade down with china. In the united states there is no free trade.
Chapter 6 explains the ability to regulate sales price, also asserts that cotton weaving textiles change overtime. U.S also depends on cheap labors to make more profit. China wages are 90% less than the rest of the world. China also depends on woman workers because they don't complain about the work.
Chapter 11 This chapter displays an overview of the Protectionist Regime and the advances of technology. The Protectionist Regime has a purpose to protect manufacturing jobs in the Western textile and apparel industries. The economic cost to protect the jobs ranges from seven to eleven billion dollars. As advances and developments in technology increase, jobs tend to decrease.
Chapter 11: In this chapter it states that as America further advances in technology, the amount of workers decrease. Protectionist Regime's purpose is to protect manufacturing jobs in the Western textile and apparel industries. Complex trade agreements create a captive market and textile trade rules help keep production in the Unites States.
In chapter 9, it explains how the t-shirts and the Chinese immigrants go through very similar conditions and experiences in their attempt on getting to America. T-shirts from China hurt the U.S. textile production and the trade we had with China started slowing down. In 2008, cotton T-shirts that did not meet the requirements for "preferential treatment" were charged an import of 16.5 percent.
Chapter 10 discussed the support provided by the US government to textile industries. While their competitive position decreased, the government created policies designed to protect the market. Often paying textile industries to keep quiet for continuance of free trade. Although US production of clothing also decreased it did not deteriorate their political power. Yet, the Japanese still lead the textile industry because of their cheap cotton goods.
In chapter 11, protectionist regime was and remains to protect many facturing jobs in the Western Textile and apparel industries, judged against the benchmark the regime's success has been quite limited. in which case we need to find more jobs, with the help of the textile trade rules. Facing the impending China threat, collection of bedfelllows began to snarl together in mid 2004.
Chapter 10 The U.S. textile industry were supported by the government. The government politics are to protect. The U.S advanced its broader trade liberalizes, the Eisenhower administration persuaded Japan to voluntarily limit its exports of cotton textiles to the U.S. So the U.S production of clothing is decreasing.
In chapter 10 the author stresses the importance of american cotton farmers sticking together. And as the author calls it "snarling together", by doing this cotton farmers will be more difficult to ignore.Policy makers would be forced to listen. An example of this technique's success is how Eisenhower persuaded Japan to limit exports to the U.S. This allowed for the placement of quotas. This is Daniel O.
In chapter 10 the U.S textile industry is supported by the government. The government policies are created to protect. The U.S production of clothing is decreasing as well as because of the technology advancing. While technology is advancing it's taking many jobs away from people as well as even people in china are being put out of their job. The Eisenhower Administration persuaded japan to volunteer to limit its exports of cotton textiles to the U.S to allow temporary breathing room for the U.S Industry. If all industries were to unite in one voice and snarl together policy markets will listen morel All the textile mills in the south band together in one voice because they have known each other a long time.
ch:10 Every U.S. president has paid the U.S. textile industry to be quiet so that America could get on with the business for free trade. The United States cuts its import tariffs on manufacture goods to average 6.5 percent. The U.S. textile industry had a variety of trade protections in place at the time. Asian imports were gushing through new holes in the dike by the day. An economist named William Cline estimated that the bill would have cut back imports of textiles from Hong Kong Korea and Taiwan by nearly 60 percent it would cost the U.S consumers approximately $ 43,945. The industry from the United States is coming down.
Chapter 11 mainly talks about how textiles are important and how the advancing of technology increases; while technology increases then jobs decrease. Protectionist regime was and still are protecting manufacturing jobs in the Western textile and clothing industries. The United States encouraged myriad detours and other irrational moves by firms that we are forced to engage in what is called "The Great Quota Hustle".This Chapter tells us that China is actually losing many textile jobs and in 2004 new allies from around the world used and seek protection. The author wants to understand and see how many things they have to go to to make T-shirts.
As technology further evolves in the United States Jobs are affected and less and less people are needed to work in factories and warehouses. We need to find more jobs. The Textile Trade Rules help us keep production in the United States these rules allow the government to raise or lower tax prices on imported goods. Depending on the choice of the US this can either raise or lower the price of imported goods
Chapter 10 In this chapter the author basically talks about what happens to a t-shirt. A t-shirt isn't truly in what is a free market until it is discarded. American exports made up of used clothing and other textile products control the market. It is known that the U.S. recycling attributes thousands of small family businesses. Due to the recycling of clothing most clothes ends up getting sent to Africa. U.S. textile industry is supported by the government. The government policies are created to protect and the U.S. production is decreasing.
Chapter 9 explains how T-shirts from China hurt United States textile production factories. Aguie Tantillo member of the AMTAC, was protecting the rights of the trading industry. It also introduces that theirs no such thing as a free trade. .
Chapter 9 discusses how T-shirts made from China hurt the U.S Textile Factories. Augie Tantillo is a member from the AMTAC. Meaning protection of the Trading Industries rights. It also explains how there is no such thing as Free trade.
Chapter 6: In The Long Race to the Bottom, cotton weaving textiles change over time and have the ability to regulate sales price. Also like in the Unites States, Europe has lot of people working there but they have cheap laborers, too. The long race to the bottom reaches China. China wages are 90% less than the rest of the world. In China, women are most of the workers due to the fact that they do not complain as much.
Chapter 9 In this chapter Chinese Factories are taking over the textile jobs in America. It is hurting jobs because of all the production China encorporates. So the U.S is trying to slow down the trade with the Chinese. With charging them for trade and also restricting the amount of items sent over here. Also taxing their trades. By doing so this might increase job opportunities. As of now it is really hard to compete with China's production rates.
In chapter 10. The United States peaked shortly after world war 2 appoximently 25 million workers in the cotton industries were employed.In 2006 about 500,000 were employed which accounts for about 4 percent of the people.After world war 2 Japanese lead the textile industry because of their cheap cotton goods question whether developing countries should get into the industry or not.DURING this chapter it showed that in the south textile mills ban together in one voice because they knew each other for a long time.IN all I learned that the cotton industry has impacted the world greatly.
Chapter 10 The U.S Textile Industry is supported by the government; they have created policies in order to protect trade, such as quotas. Quotas limit how much the U.S gets from foreign countries. For example, if the U.S were to have free trade, it would decrease job opportunities in the Textile Industry because of the infinite amount of goods we can trade with foreign countries. Since we use quotas as our approach to trade, there are plenty of opportunities in the U.S.
Chapter 10 This chapter is about the role of politics on trade. The U.S textile industry is supported by the government. So the government created many policies to protect trade. One such policy is quotas which limits the amount of goods the U.S can trade with foreign countries. Since we're limiting trade with other countries, more jobs will be available as opposed to free trade. If the U.S uses free trade then there will be less need for workers in manufacturing thus leads to a decrease in jobs.
In chapter 9, it explains how the t-shirts and the Chinese immigrants go through very similar conditions and experiences in their attempt on getting to America and taking jobs away. So the U.S is trying to slow down the trade with the Chinese by charging them for trade and also restricting the amount of items sent over here.
In chapter 7 it talks about the textile lobbies that are successful in the creation of a protection system who would be against what is a free-trade and in what makes the U.S. look bad. They also have horrible working conditions and have terrible living conditions just to get the most they can so they could sell it for an expensive prince.
In chapter 15 there are majority of the goods flowing into Ed's business and sold at a loss, because of the selling prices for clothing. the used clothing trade are not hard to find, even richest and poorest countries. Industry groaning obituaries and ominous employment trends are of course more poignant on Africa than north Carolina, but the essential; message of doom and gloom is the same.
Chapter 15: chapter 15 basically talks about critics of the used clothing trade are not hard to find, even in richest and poorest countries. there are majority of the goods flowing into Ed's business and sold at a loss, because of the selling prices for clothing. The U.S used clothing dealers are intensely competitive. The industry as a whole would seem to occupy a secure place in the global industrial landscape.
Chapter 14 was about how poverty was the way of life in Tanzania. Almost all men and boys would wear mitumba (clothing thrown away by westerners). Julius Nyerere had a plan for a self-reliance policy. Mitumba markets were a lot more efficient than those of American department stores, which made it harder to maintain. Nyerere's first plan was banning the import of used clothing under his new policy.
In chapter 15 it states that some countries tend to ban trading and buying clothes throughout prohibition. Barriers to the mitumba trade take in large measure and it has been created by the groans of the local textile industry. Bad governance is vigorous and the mitumba trade is a failure to the entreprenuieral energy and resourcefulness of the African people.
Chapter 13 American exports made up of clothing and other textile products control the market. Recycled clothing has been a successful export industry. The U.S. recycling promote many small family businesses. The industry was described as invisible except to insiders and that is has no household names and no big global players. Also some t-shirts get junked or turned into wiping rags while the useful clothing gets donated. Most used clothing ends up in Africa.
In Chapter 14 was mainly about how poverty was the way of life in Tanzania. Julius Nyerere had a plan of self reliance for Tanzania which led them out of their past socialism. Used clothing was one import that was banned under Julius Nyerere Self-Reliance Policy. Almost all of the men and boys in Dar Es Salaam wore mitumba (clothing thrown away by Americans and Europeans) in which many are T-shirts. The mitumba market are a lot more efficient than those of an American department store. However, the growth of the mitumba trade made it more difficult to maintain.
Chapter 14 This chapter is explains the importance of agriculture in Tanzania and the market in Gulam. The majority of Tanzania's population basically survives on subsistence agriculture and still lives below the poverty line; over 40 percent of the adults are unable to read. In 2007, used clothing was America's third largest export to Tanzania and exports increased about 60 percent from 2006. In Gulam, the market for Category C clothing all but disappeared and the customers has soon after wanted certain styles and colors at specific times.
In chapter 14, it explains how the free market economics is supposed to be the way forward for Tanzania, but this seems like an almost surreal prescription for dusty. In 2007, used clothing was America's third-largest export to Tanzania, and exports had increased by nearly 50 percent from 2006. A 1,000 pound bale might contain up to 3,000 articles of clothing, and almost every bale will contain surprises.
Chapter 14 talks about how poverty is and how it affects people in Tanzania. It also speaks about the mitumba market which I assume it is a very big and well known market. The mitumba market was much more efficient than the American Department Stores. Julius Nyerere had a plan of self-reliance for Tanzania to lead them out of their past socialism. Almost all of the men and boys in dares Salalam wear Mitumba.
Chapter 13 Salvation army trucks sits outside the a summer place shopping center but the truck has only such much room for the t-shirts. High wages that have caused the demise of the U.S. textile and appeared manufacturing have a flip side. The U.S. textile recycling industry consists of thousands of small family businesses many now in their third or fourth generation of family ownership and trans-Americas is both the rule and exception in the industry. From reading this chapter I learned that the t-shirts are thrown in the salvation truck. The high wages are the cause of the demise of the U.S.
In chapter 14 it is explained how in some of the worlds poorest countries , for example Tanzania, most of their citizens wear our shirts. Our second hand shirts are sent to these countries and then sold on there markets. This clothing is bought in bales by merchants and sold from a dollar to sometimes 2 dollars. To the people in these countries these clothes are seen as luxurious , because sometimes we don't know the kind of expensive clothes we throw out. This is Daniel Orozco
Chapter 14 This chapter explains that instead a peaceful way od being, a slow-moving and purposeful means of navigating life's rhythms: sleep, eat, shop, laugh, smile, sing be poor. Like the weather , poverty doesn't change enough to be a topic of conversation. The market mechanism in Africa Mitumba markers is considerably more flexible than in an American department store. My conclusion is that the U.S. clothes that is in bad conditions they send it to Africa, so that country they sell all the clothes.
Chapter 14 Poverty in day is salaam is a languid and sultry state that has settled on the city like a heavy wash of paint. Tanzania's socialist dream is in shambles crumbling like the colonial building left by the British. Miserere's vision of socialism with self reliance was a read map to escape the past. The majority of the country population survives by subsistence agriculture and still live below the poverty line and more than 40 percent of adults cannot read. During the past generation as china per-capita income has quintupled , Tanzania's has barely budged , and in 2006 reached just 1 per day. Women are also more particular about the condition of their clothing ,so about 90 percent of what is cast aside by women is still in good condition .At the beginning , there were still many self reliance ideologues who believed that practice of wearing the white worlds castoffs was shameful . The delicate balance required by the show flake business required constant attention that Glulam wanted to focus on other parts of metis activities.
In Chapter 14 explains is the poorest country. The income is the lowest and people have become accustomed to the level of poverty. And the country is at peace. The women of Tanzania are strong and independent. While men are less proud and wear used shirts from the west.
What chapter 14 explains is that in Tanzania poverty was a every day thing. It was just a part of their lives. The women their area also strong and independent because they had no other choice. While men were less proud and used imported shirts from the west.
chapter 14 During the past generation, as china's per-capita income has quintupled, Tanzania's has barely budge and in 2006 reached just $1 per day. In 2007, used clothing was American's third-largest export to Tanzania, and exports had increased by nearly 50 percent from 2006. Women are also more particular about the conditions of their clothing, so about 90 percent of what is cast aside by women is still in good conditions. Men, however no only but less clothing but wear it longer, so only half of the men's clothing received by the used clothing exporters is in good condition.
Chapter 13 America is the leading clothing and textile production and dominates the the market. The U.S supports many many small businesses that recycle clothing. The industry of recycled clothing was ignored by many and considered invisible, except to people in the Industry. Not all clothing is reused some of it is turned into wiping rags. Although used clothing goes out to many poor countries around the world most of it goes to Africa due it's poverty level.
In chapter 9 talks about how t-shirt boards freightering shanghai and heads back across the pacific. chinese t-shirt and immigrant have similar experience in a tempting to get to america. In both cases, the journey is expensive, risky, and often illegal.
Chapter 14 In chapter 14 Tanzania was considered one of the poorest countries. They lived in poverty. The Tanzanian women were strong independent women. The men were less proud and wore t-shirts from the west.Milonge buys clothing and sells them in order to make a decent profit out of it. The mitumba are most successful than the US strores.
Chapter 14: Most of Tanzania population survives by subsistence agriculture and still lives between poverty line. Over 40% of the adults cannot read. In 2007, used clothing was America's third largest export to Tanzania and exports increased 60% from 2006. The market from category c clothing disappeared and the customers had soon after wanted certain styles and colors at specific times. Tanzania is big on agriculture and majority live below the poverty line. The author wanted to teach us that there are other countries other than the United States that depends on agriculture.
Chapter 13 American exports made up of clothing and other textile exports. The industry was described as vicule only for the country. The salvation army trucks sits outside the summer place shopping center but the truck has only such room for the shirts.
In Chapter 14 talks about how poverty was the way of life in Tanzania which was considered one of the poorest countries. It also explains how the free market economics is supposed to be the way forward for Tanzania and how Mitumba are most successful than the US stores.
Chapter 14 In Ch.14 Tanzania was considered one of the poorest countries in the world, but to the Tanzanians being poor is a peaceful way of being. The men in this county aren't proud of their way of living and wear t-shirts from the West. And the women stand taller and are prouder than most countries.
Chapter 13 As time goes on clothes start to build up and before we realize it we have many used and unused clothes. These clothes that are in good shape can then be exported into neighboring countries such as Africa. While the clothes in bad shape are recycled and turned into oil rags. This occupation is not very widespread it mainly consists of small families that are in there third of fourth generation.
Chapter 10 The textile industry were supported by the government. The government politics are to protect. Policy makers would be forced to listen in. An example of this techniques success is how eisenhower pursued japan to limit
In Chapter 14 talks about how poverty was the way of life in Tanzania which was considered one of the poorest countries.During the past generation, as china's per-capita income has quintupled, Tanzania's has barely budge and in 2006 reached just $1 per day. In 2007, used clothing was American's third-largest export to Tanzania, and exports had increased by nearly 50 percent from 2006.
Chapter 15 This chapter talks about how countries are starting to ban the imports on used clothing and also limiting the imports on used clothing with quotas.They are doing so because by banning or limiting the imports on used clothing producers will be able to benefit more. They benefit because since no one is buying used clothing they will be forced to buy new clothing from them. Used clothing will only benefit the traders. This process will also affect the mitumba trade because they rely on used clothing. So if there's no more used clothing to use then they may be forced to buy new clothing.
conclusion; pg 260,261-talks about on how michael shellenberger speaks on behalf of the sweat shops in asia. he held a meeting in washinton his speach focused on labor and environmental issues michael worked along side ted in progressive limited politics in 2008 obama would pass going green the two actives were called enviromental heros.
In chapter 4 it explains how many business organizations, marketing, risk sharing, and political influence had led west Texas farmers to get together as a united front against the markets. When the farmer's bills had expired, the political spectrum them ceased. This led to farmer subsides. The cotton growers began seeing the government as a problem rather than the government being a solution.
ReplyDeleteMake sure we focus on the main ideas of the chapter and understand what the mean.
DeleteThe Chines government controls workers in ways that are bad for china's human rights record but very good for the product of T-shirts.
ReplyDeletewhile forcing the masses to remain idle in the countryside, china devoted its resources to the urban population, developing in the cities housing, education, healthcare, and infrastructure while leaving to the rural population to fend for itself.
The hukou system was devised in the 1950's to support the economic development plans of the communist china. the rural hukou defines and limits the workers life in shanghai floaters work 25 percent more hours per week but earn 40 percent less than those with urban hukous
Good Job.
DeleteIn chapter 4 explains how many business organization, marketing, risk sharing, and political influence that had led to west Texas farmers to get together as a united front against the markets. When the farmers bills expired the political spectrum ceased, which led to farmers subsides. Cotton growers began seeing the government as a problem than a solution. Competition was great with all improvements made to the cotton production. However, cotton farmers all over Texas banded together to strengthen their political influence.
ReplyDeletesounds similar to Marlen's blog post?
DeleteChp.6
ReplyDeletePomeranz finds that china was the most favorable positioned for industrial development in Europe. Most of the textile would take place in china. Most of the textiles were respect all over the global industry. China is the most productive country that make t-shirts, and most of the textiles would take in china as well. Most of all the productions would be china and then they would be sent to the U.S. Traditional methods the spinning of cotton was far more labor intensive than weaving. Generally it required between four to eight spinners to keep one weaver. British mills had drawn upon pauper children and landless laborers. Japanese leadership in the industry was based on law labor costs and poor working conditions.
Chapter 4 basically explained how advances in the cotton production led the way to many influential opportunities for cotton farmers in Texas, USA. With all the improvements to the cotton labor, competition increased immensely. Cotton farmers banded together to strengthen their political influence. However, when the farmers bills expired, their political spectrum ceased which caused subsidies. Cotton growers then began to see the government as more of a problem than a solution.
ReplyDeleteChapter 6: Theres a gaping divide between the poor sweatshop workers of the East and the rich consumers of the West. China and Europe have so much to do with industrial development than most advanced regions of Europe until the middle of the 18th century. Writers were included in "The Long Race To The Bottom". Some of the writers were agreeing and disagreeing. Many of them are worried about what happened in the year 1770's choking bottle neck in the production of cotton cloth launched the modern world.
ReplyDeletewrite in your own words.
DeleteChp.7
ReplyDeleteThe Chinese government has bad human rights but they are good in the production of the T-shirt. In the U.S. trade is very difficult in the textile market. This chapter explains the superiority of the politics in the textile trade in the U.S. In the U.S. the power of the politics in the textile trade can be shown through the size of the manufacturing base. The textile lobbies are successful in the creation of a protection system who would be against what is a free-trade and in what makes the U.S. look bad. The policymakers and leaders of the U.S. have been all for free-trade, but in the most competitive industry it has been closed to free trade. This sums it up to the textile industry damaging the international relationship if it was closed.
Good Job.
DeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteChapter 6
ReplyDeleteThe race to the bottom is a socio economic phenomenon in which governments deregulate the business environment or taxes in order to attract or retain economic activity in their region. For example if the United States wanted its citizens to buy more products made from within it's borders, all that they would have to do is raise taxes on imported goods making them more expensive. People would clearly prefer to purchase what is cheaper so they will buy the products made with in the United States
Good Job...good explanation
DeleteWithin chapter 6 The Race To The Bottom it explains how the government has the ability to raise or lower prices on incoming good so that we can influence buyers to buy items from within the states. The government uses this process to keep the money in our country if needed as well as they can also lower the prices to retain economic activity in their region.
ReplyDeleteHe copied me Just saying
DeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteChapter 4
ReplyDeleteIn this chapter explains that the remarkable improvements in cotton production, the machines, the chemicals, and the GM technology. Little by little, as the farmers became more alone on the farm, they banded together in town. Throughout American history, U.S. cotton farmers have solidified their political influence to manage virtually every business risk to shape the world in from of them. Also explains that the primary effect of U.S. government subsides is to increase the supply of cotton grown in the united states and therefore to decrease the world market price of cotton. I learned that china was the worlds largest cotton producer as well as consumer, but since the dismantling of the communes, virtually all of this production is at the level of the family.
In chapter 7 it talks about how the chinese government controls workers in ways that are bad for the chinese human rights. Workers in China are not treated as deserved and they have a very low wage. A system called the hukou system was devised in the 1950s because of Communist China. through the huko system, china ensured a stable food supply for its cities while at the same time limiting urban areas`s popultaion. The rural hukou limits workers lifes in Shangai
ReplyDeleteChapter 6
ReplyDeleteIn traditional methods , the spinning of cotton was far more labor intensive than weaving , as it generally required between four and eight spinners to keep one weaver supplied with yard. The bottleneck was made still worse by the technological progress that had occurred in weaving the flying shuttle widely adopted by the 1760 multiplied further the number of spinners required to supply a weaver with yarn.
So, while the British mills had drawn upon pauper children and landless laborers the new England spindles were power by rural mills girls also often children and later immigrants. As the more experienced new England and mid Atlantic mills increasingly specialized in fancier good, the southern mills seized the advantage in providing heavy and coarse cotton cloth to u .s market.
In chapter 7 it talks about how the chinese government controls workers in ways that are bad for the chinese human rights. while forcing the masses to remain ideal in the county side china devoted it resources to the urban population, developing the cities housing education health care, and infrastructure while leaving the rural population to depend for itself. the hukou system was devised in the 1950's to support the economic development plans of the new communist country.
ReplyDeleteChapter7
ReplyDeleteThis Chapter is pretty much about how countries are having a race to the bottom. What do I mean by this? Well they give an example of China's hukou system which limits the workers rights. The Chinese government controls the workers life so, Chinese manufacturers are paying the workers less. They also have horrible working conditions and have terrible living conditions. All of this in an effort to make the most profit. Whichever country spends less on the workers is able to make more.
In chapter 6 it explains that how it took from four to eight spinners to keep one weaver going with yarn. It also talks about how most of the textile production takes place in China. Early travelers to China agreed that finding the country superior to Europe in prosperity, politics, and art. Alhough, Europe took a great leap forward in the late 1700s.
ReplyDeleteChapter 4
ReplyDeleteThis chapter explains how the cotton industry, mainly in the United States, has incredibly improved since the advancement of the cotton gin. The United States had and still has the highest rate of cotton production in the world and there is not much competition; others are afraid of subsidies. A major factor why the United States is able to produce so much cotton is because of its inexpensive price. The United States has a fairly large industry in cotton production and is expected to remain at its state.
In Chapter 11 the author wants to teach us how important textile and manufacturing is not only for us in the United States but all over the world. Statistics show that approximately 20 percent of manufacturing employment but the manufacturing output increased by by more than 60 percent. China factories have been loosing jobs just like South and North Carolina have so the textile industry is going down hill right now.
ReplyDeleteCan use more information from the chapter.
DeleteIn chapter 11 the author wants to tech us that textiles jobs are moving to the western where there cheap labor. American textiles jobs are going to china also most square with a remarkable and inconvenient fact. China export to the United States surged by more than 100 percent, with commensurate declines in the exports.
ReplyDeleteCan use more information from the chapter.
ReplyDeleteChapter 11
ReplyDeleteAs Americans further advance in technology the amount of jobs decrease because the production of each worker increases from better advanced in technology. In response to the advances many jobs are being lost, but not only lost they are being eliminated due to one worker being able to fulfill the jobs of many. In which case we need to find more jobs. With the help of the Textile Trade Rules (Government being able to raise or drop tax prices on imported goods)helps to keep production in the U.S.
Chapter 6 discusses the ability to regulate sales price and explains how the cotton weaving textiles change over time. It also explained how Europe has a lot of people working but it is all cheap labor. China wages are 90% less than the rest of the world. Which makes it harder for us to compete. They also depend on women workers because they do their job without complaining.
ReplyDeleteIn chapter 9 it talks about how the t-shirts go from the united states to china then back to the united states. When the united states does that it hurts the united states economy i think the united states should slow the trade down with china. In the united states there is no free trade.
ReplyDeleteChapter 6 explains the ability to regulate sales price, also asserts that cotton weaving textiles change overtime. U.S also depends on cheap labors to make more profit. China wages are 90% less than the rest of the world. China also depends on woman workers because they don't complain about the work.
ReplyDeleteChapter 11
ReplyDeleteThis chapter displays an overview of the Protectionist Regime and the advances of technology. The Protectionist Regime has a purpose to protect manufacturing jobs in the Western textile and apparel industries. The economic cost to protect the jobs ranges from seven to eleven billion dollars. As advances and developments in technology increase, jobs tend to decrease.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteChapter 11:
ReplyDeleteIn this chapter it states that as America further advances in technology, the amount of workers decrease. Protectionist Regime's purpose is to protect manufacturing jobs in the Western textile and apparel industries. Complex trade agreements create a captive market and textile trade rules help keep production in the Unites States.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
DeleteIn chapter 9, it explains how the t-shirts and the Chinese immigrants go through very similar conditions and experiences in their attempt on getting to America. T-shirts from China hurt the U.S. textile production and the trade we had with China started slowing down. In 2008, cotton T-shirts that did not meet the requirements for "preferential treatment" were charged an import of 16.5 percent.
ReplyDeleteChapter 10 discussed the support provided by the US government to textile industries. While their competitive position decreased, the government created policies designed to protect the market. Often paying textile industries to keep quiet for continuance of free trade. Although US production of clothing also decreased it did not deteriorate their political power. Yet, the Japanese still lead the textile industry because of their cheap cotton goods.
ReplyDeleteIn chapter 11, protectionist regime was and remains to protect many facturing jobs in the Western Textile and apparel industries, judged against the benchmark the regime's success has been quite limited. in which case we need to find more jobs, with the help of the textile trade rules. Facing the impending China threat, collection of bedfelllows began to snarl together in mid 2004.
ReplyDeleteChapter 10
ReplyDeleteThe U.S. textile industry were supported by the government. The government politics are to protect. The U.S advanced its broader trade liberalizes, the Eisenhower administration persuaded Japan to voluntarily limit its exports of cotton textiles to the U.S. So the U.S production of clothing is decreasing.
In chapter 10 the author stresses the importance of american cotton farmers sticking together. And as the author calls it "snarling together", by doing this cotton farmers will be more difficult to ignore.Policy makers would be forced to listen. An example of this technique's success is how Eisenhower persuaded Japan to limit exports to the U.S. This allowed for the placement of quotas.
ReplyDeleteThis is Daniel O.
In chapter 10 the U.S textile industry is supported by the government. The government policies are created to protect. The U.S production of clothing is decreasing as well as because of the technology advancing. While technology is advancing it's taking many jobs away from people as well as even people in china are being put out of their job. The Eisenhower Administration persuaded japan to volunteer to limit its exports of cotton textiles to the U.S to allow temporary breathing room for the U.S Industry. If all industries were to unite in one voice and snarl together policy markets will listen morel All the textile mills in the south band together in one voice because they have known each other a long time.
ReplyDeletech:10
ReplyDeleteEvery U.S. president has paid the U.S. textile industry to be quiet so that America could get on with the business for free trade. The United States cuts its import tariffs on manufacture goods to average 6.5 percent. The U.S. textile industry had a variety of trade protections in place at the time. Asian imports were gushing through new holes in the dike by the day. An economist named William Cline estimated that the bill would have cut back imports of textiles from Hong Kong Korea and Taiwan by nearly 60 percent it would cost the U.S consumers approximately $ 43,945. The industry from the United States is coming down.
Chapter 11 mainly talks about how textiles are important and how the advancing of technology increases; while technology increases then jobs decrease. Protectionist regime was and still are protecting manufacturing jobs in the Western textile and clothing industries. The United States encouraged myriad detours and other irrational moves by firms that we are forced to engage in what is called "The Great Quota Hustle".This Chapter tells us that China is actually losing many textile jobs and in 2004 new allies from around the world used and seek protection. The author wants to understand and see how many things they have to go to to make T-shirts.
ReplyDeleteAs technology further evolves in the United States Jobs are affected and less and less people are needed to work in factories and warehouses. We need to find more jobs. The Textile Trade Rules help us keep production in the United States these rules allow the government to raise or lower tax prices on imported goods. Depending on the choice of the US this can either raise or lower the price of imported goods
ReplyDeleteChapter 10
ReplyDeleteIn this chapter the author basically talks about what happens to a t-shirt. A t-shirt isn't truly in what is a free market until it is discarded. American exports made up of used clothing and other textile products control the market. It is known that the U.S. recycling attributes thousands of small family businesses. Due to the recycling of clothing most clothes ends up getting sent to Africa. U.S. textile industry is supported by the government. The government policies are created to protect and the U.S. production is decreasing.
Chapter 9 explains how T-shirts from China hurt United States textile production factories. Aguie Tantillo member of the AMTAC, was protecting the rights of the trading industry. It also introduces that theirs no such thing as a free trade. .
ReplyDeleteChapter 9 discusses how T-shirts made from China hurt the U.S Textile Factories. Augie Tantillo is a member from the AMTAC. Meaning protection of the Trading Industries rights. It also explains how there is no such thing as Free trade.
ReplyDeleteChapter 6:
ReplyDeleteIn The Long Race to the Bottom, cotton weaving textiles change over time and have the ability to regulate sales price. Also like in the Unites States, Europe has lot of people working there but they have cheap laborers, too. The long race to the bottom reaches China. China wages are 90% less than the rest of the world. In China, women are most of the workers due to the fact that they do not complain as much.
Chapter 9
ReplyDeleteIn this chapter Chinese Factories are taking over the textile jobs in America. It is hurting jobs because of all the production China encorporates. So the U.S is trying to slow down the trade with the Chinese. With charging them for trade and also restricting the amount of items sent over here. Also taxing their trades. By doing so this might increase job opportunities. As of now it is really hard to compete with China's production rates.
In chapter 10. The United States peaked shortly after world war 2 appoximently 25 million workers in the cotton industries were employed.In 2006 about 500,000 were employed which accounts for about 4 percent of the people.After world war 2 Japanese lead the textile industry because of their cheap cotton goods question whether developing countries should get into the industry or not.DURING this chapter it showed that in the south textile mills ban together in one voice because they knew each other for a long time.IN all I learned that the cotton industry has impacted the world greatly.
ReplyDeleteChapter 10
ReplyDeleteThe U.S Textile Industry is supported by the government; they have created policies in order to protect trade, such as quotas. Quotas limit how much the U.S gets from foreign countries. For example, if the U.S were to have free trade, it would decrease job opportunities in the Textile Industry because of the infinite amount of goods we can trade with foreign countries. Since we use quotas as our approach to trade, there are plenty of opportunities in the U.S.
Chapter 10
ReplyDeleteThis chapter is about the role of politics on trade. The U.S textile industry is supported by the government. So the government created many policies to protect trade. One such policy is quotas which limits the amount of goods the U.S can trade with foreign countries. Since we're limiting trade with other countries, more jobs will be available as opposed to free trade. If the U.S uses free trade then there will be less need for workers in manufacturing thus leads to a decrease in jobs.
In chapter 9, it explains how the t-shirts and the Chinese immigrants go through very similar conditions and experiences in their attempt on getting to America and taking jobs away. So the U.S is trying to slow down the trade with the Chinese by charging them for trade and also restricting the amount of items sent over here.
ReplyDeleteIn chapter 7 it talks about the textile lobbies that are successful in the creation of a protection system who would be against what is a free-trade and in what makes the U.S. look bad. They also have horrible working conditions and have terrible living conditions just to get the most they can so they could sell it for an expensive prince.
ReplyDeleteIn chapter 15 there are majority of the goods flowing into Ed's business and sold at a loss, because of the selling prices for clothing. the used clothing trade are not hard to find, even richest and poorest countries. Industry groaning obituaries and ominous employment trends are of course more poignant on Africa than north Carolina, but the essential; message of doom and gloom is the same.
ReplyDeleteChapter 15: chapter 15 basically talks about critics of the used clothing trade are not hard to find, even in richest and poorest countries. there are majority of the goods flowing into Ed's business and sold at a loss, because of the selling prices for clothing. The U.S used clothing dealers are intensely competitive. The industry as a whole would seem to occupy a secure place in the global industrial landscape.
ReplyDeleteChapter 14 was about how poverty was the way of life in Tanzania. Almost all men and boys would wear mitumba (clothing thrown away by westerners). Julius Nyerere had a plan for a self-reliance policy. Mitumba markets were a lot more efficient than those of American department stores, which made it harder to maintain. Nyerere's first plan was banning the import of used clothing under his new policy.
ReplyDeleteIn chapter 15 it states that some countries tend to ban trading and buying clothes throughout prohibition. Barriers to the mitumba trade take in large measure and it has been created by the groans of the local textile industry. Bad governance is vigorous and the mitumba trade is a failure to the entreprenuieral energy and resourcefulness of the African people.
ReplyDeleteChapter 13
ReplyDeleteAmerican exports made up of clothing and other textile products control the market. Recycled clothing has been a successful export industry. The U.S. recycling promote many small family businesses. The industry was described as invisible except to insiders and that is has no household names and no big global players. Also some t-shirts get junked or turned into wiping rags while the useful clothing gets donated. Most used clothing ends up in Africa.
In Chapter 14 was mainly about how poverty was the way of life in Tanzania. Julius Nyerere had a plan of self reliance for Tanzania which led them out of their past socialism. Used clothing was one import that was banned under Julius Nyerere Self-Reliance Policy. Almost all of the men and boys in Dar Es Salaam wore mitumba (clothing thrown away by Americans and Europeans) in which many are T-shirts. The mitumba market are a lot more efficient than those of an American department store. However, the growth of the mitumba trade made it more difficult to maintain.
ReplyDeleteChapter 14
ReplyDeleteThis chapter is explains the importance of agriculture in Tanzania and the market in Gulam. The majority of Tanzania's population basically survives on subsistence agriculture and still lives below the poverty line; over 40 percent of the adults are unable to read. In 2007, used clothing was America's third largest export to Tanzania and exports increased about 60 percent from 2006. In Gulam, the market for Category C clothing all but disappeared and the customers has soon after wanted certain styles and colors at specific times.
In chapter 14, it explains how the free market economics is supposed to be the way forward for Tanzania, but this seems like an almost surreal prescription for dusty. In 2007, used clothing was America's third-largest export to Tanzania, and exports had increased by nearly 50 percent from 2006. A 1,000 pound bale might contain up to 3,000 articles of clothing, and almost every bale will contain surprises.
ReplyDeleteChapter 14 talks about how poverty is and how it affects people in Tanzania. It also speaks about the mitumba market which I assume it is a very big and well known market. The mitumba market was much more efficient than the American Department Stores. Julius Nyerere had a plan of self-reliance for Tanzania to lead them out of their past socialism. Almost all of the men and boys in dares Salalam wear Mitumba.
ReplyDeleteChapter 13
ReplyDeleteSalvation army trucks sits outside the a summer place shopping center but the truck has only such much room for the t-shirts. High wages that have caused the demise of the U.S. textile and appeared manufacturing have a flip side. The U.S. textile recycling industry consists of thousands of small family businesses many now in their third or fourth generation of family ownership and trans-Americas is both the rule and exception in the industry. From reading this chapter I learned that the t-shirts are thrown in the salvation truck. The high wages are the cause of the demise of the U.S.
In chapter 14 it is explained how in some of the worlds poorest countries , for example Tanzania, most of their citizens wear our shirts. Our second hand shirts are sent to these countries and then sold on there markets. This clothing is bought in bales by merchants and sold from a dollar to sometimes 2 dollars. To the people in these countries these clothes are seen as luxurious , because sometimes we don't know the kind of expensive clothes we throw out.
ReplyDeleteThis is Daniel Orozco
Chapter 14
ReplyDeleteThis chapter explains that instead a peaceful way od being, a slow-moving and purposeful means of navigating life's rhythms: sleep, eat, shop, laugh, smile, sing be poor. Like the weather , poverty doesn't change enough to be a topic of conversation. The market mechanism in Africa Mitumba markers is considerably more flexible than in an American department store. My conclusion is that the U.S. clothes that is in bad conditions they send it to Africa, so that country they sell all the clothes.
Chapter 14
ReplyDeletePoverty in day is salaam is a languid and sultry state that has settled on the city like a heavy wash of paint. Tanzania's socialist dream is in shambles crumbling like the colonial building left by the British. Miserere's vision of socialism with self reliance was a read map to escape the past.
The majority of the country population survives by subsistence agriculture and still live below the poverty line and more than 40 percent of adults cannot read. During the past generation as china per-capita income has quintupled , Tanzania's has barely budged , and in 2006 reached just 1 per day.
Women are also more particular about the condition of their clothing ,so about 90 percent of what is cast aside by women is still in good condition .At the beginning , there were still many self reliance ideologues who believed that practice of wearing the white worlds castoffs was shameful . The delicate balance required by the show flake business required constant attention that Glulam wanted to focus on other parts of metis activities.
In Chapter 14 explains is the poorest country. The income is the lowest and people have become accustomed to the level of poverty. And the country is at peace. The women of Tanzania are strong and independent. While men are less proud and wear used shirts from the west.
ReplyDeleteWhat chapter 14 explains is that in Tanzania poverty was a every day thing. It was just a part of their lives. The women their area also strong and independent because they had no other choice. While men were less proud and used imported shirts from the west.
ReplyDeletechapter 14
ReplyDeleteDuring the past generation, as china's per-capita income has quintupled, Tanzania's has barely budge and in 2006 reached just $1 per day.
In 2007, used clothing was American's third-largest export to Tanzania, and exports had increased by nearly 50 percent from 2006.
Women are also more particular about the conditions of their clothing, so about 90 percent of what is cast aside by women is still in good conditions. Men, however no only but less clothing but wear it longer, so only half of the men's clothing received by the used clothing exporters is in good condition.
Chapter 13
ReplyDeleteAmerica is the leading clothing and textile production and dominates the the market. The U.S supports many many small businesses that recycle clothing. The industry of recycled clothing was ignored by many and considered invisible, except to people in the Industry. Not all clothing is reused some of it is turned into wiping rags. Although used clothing goes out to many poor countries around the world most of it goes to Africa due it's poverty level.
In chapter 9 talks about how t-shirt boards freightering shanghai and heads back across the pacific. chinese t-shirt and immigrant have similar experience in a tempting to get to america. In both cases, the journey is expensive, risky, and often illegal.
ReplyDeleteChapter 14
ReplyDeleteIn chapter 14 Tanzania was considered one of the poorest countries. They lived in poverty. The Tanzanian women were strong independent women. The men were less proud and wore t-shirts from the west.Milonge buys clothing and sells them in order to make a decent profit out of it. The mitumba are most successful than the US strores.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteChapter 14:
ReplyDeleteMost of Tanzania population survives by subsistence agriculture and still lives between poverty line. Over 40% of the adults cannot read. In 2007, used clothing was America's third largest export to Tanzania and exports increased 60% from 2006. The market from category c clothing disappeared and the customers had soon after wanted certain styles and colors at specific times. Tanzania is big on agriculture and majority live below the poverty line. The author wanted to teach us that there are other countries other than the United States that depends on agriculture.
Chapter 13
ReplyDeleteAmerican exports made up of clothing and other textile exports. The industry was described as vicule only for the country. The salvation army trucks sits outside the summer place shopping center but the truck has only such room for the shirts.
In Chapter 14 talks about how poverty was the way of life in Tanzania which was considered one of the poorest countries. It also explains how the free market economics is supposed to be the way forward for Tanzania and how Mitumba are most successful than the US stores.
ReplyDeleteChapter 14
ReplyDeleteIn Ch.14 Tanzania was considered one of the poorest countries in the world, but to the Tanzanians being poor is a peaceful way of being. The men in this county aren't proud of their way of living and wear t-shirts from the West. And the women stand taller and are prouder than most countries.
Chapter 13
ReplyDeleteAs time goes on clothes start to build up and before we realize it we have many used and unused clothes. These clothes that are in good shape can then be exported into neighboring countries such as Africa. While the clothes in bad shape are recycled and turned into oil rags. This occupation is not very widespread it mainly consists of small families that are in there third of fourth generation.
Chapter 10
ReplyDeleteThe textile industry were supported by the government. The government politics are to protect. Policy makers would be forced to listen in. An example of this techniques success is how eisenhower pursued japan to limit
In Chapter 14 talks about how poverty was the way of life in Tanzania which was considered one of the poorest countries.During the past generation, as china's per-capita income has quintupled, Tanzania's has barely budge and in 2006 reached just $1 per day.
ReplyDeleteIn 2007, used clothing was American's third-largest export to Tanzania, and exports had increased by nearly 50 percent from 2006.
Chapter 15
ReplyDeleteThis chapter talks about how countries are starting to ban the imports on used clothing and also limiting the imports on used clothing with quotas.They are doing so because by banning or limiting the imports on used clothing producers will be able to benefit more. They benefit because since no one is buying used clothing they will be forced to buy new clothing from them. Used clothing will only benefit the traders. This process will also affect the mitumba trade because they rely on used clothing. So if there's no more used clothing to use then they may be forced to buy new clothing.
conclusion; pg 260,261-talks about on how michael shellenberger speaks on behalf of the sweat shops in asia. he held a meeting in washinton his speach focused on labor and environmental issues michael worked along side ted in progressive limited politics in 2008 obama would pass going green the two actives were called enviromental heros.
ReplyDelete